{"course":{"slug":"ai-for-small-business","title":"AI for a Small Business","url":"https://addaly.com/learn/ai-for-small-business","level":"beginner","track":"work"},"lesson":{"slug":"draw-the-process-first","title":"Draw the process before you change it","url":"https://addaly.com/learn/ai-for-small-business/draw-the-process-first","position":5,"of":88,"minutes":8,"answer":"Map the job as steps, mark each one as text, rules or judgement, and ask why each step exists before automating any of them.","keyIdea":"Map the job as steps, mark each one as text, rules or judgement, and ask why each step exists before automating any of them, because a step that can be deleted saves all of its minutes and needs no checking."},"body":{"format":"markdown","text":"## Six boxes on the back of an envelope\n\nPeople automate jobs. They should automate steps.\n\nTake the job you picked and draw it as boxes on paper, left to right, one box per step, from the moment work arrives to the moment you are paid. Six to ten boxes is usually right. If you have twenty, you are describing three processes.\n\nA physiotherapy clinic in Manila:\n\n```text\nenquiry -> reply -> book -> remind -> visit -> write note -> invoice -> chase payment\n```\n\nNow write two things on every box: **how many minutes** it takes in a typical week in total, and **who does it**. Do this from the five-day tally rather than from memory. The picture usually changes at this point. The clinic assumed the notes were the burden. The tally said replies took 6 hours a week and notes took 90 minutes.\n\n## Mark each box with one of three letters\n\n**T: text in, text out.** The input is words, the output is words, and a person can tell quickly whether the output is right. Replies, notes tidied up, invoice chasers, categorisation.\n\n**R: rules.** The step is the same every time with no judgement. A reminder 24 hours before the appointment. An invoice raised when a job is marked done. These do not need a model at all, and a model is a worse fit because it introduces variation into something that should never vary. A booking system's built-in reminder is free, instant and cannot invent anything.\n\n**J: judgement, or the physical world.** Whether to take the client. Whether the shoulder is improving. Whether to extend credit. These stay yours, and pretending otherwise is where businesses get hurt.\n\nOn the clinic's map: reply is T, book is R, remind is R, visit is J, note is T with a hard constraint, invoice is R, chase is T.\n\nTwo useful things fall out immediately. Two of the boxes wanted a scheduling tool rather than AI: cheaper, more reliable, available that afternoon. And the biggest box by minutes, replies, was a clean T.\n\n## The trap: automating a broken step\n\nIf a step is badly designed, doing it faster makes things worse, not better, and the speed hides the problem for a while.\n\nA salon was writing long, careful replies to enquiries that mostly asked for prices. Drafting them with AI cut the time by half, which felt like a win. Putting the price list on the booking page cut the enquiries by 70%, which was the actual fix. The right question about any box is not \"can this be drafted faster?\" but **\"why does this box exist at all?\"**\n\nAsk it of every box before you touch any of them. Some boxes disappear. A box that disappears saves 100% of its minutes and never needs checking.\n\n## Automate one box, then live with it\n\nOne box. For at least two weeks. Not because change is frightening, but because a change to one step has effects on the steps either side, and you cannot see those effects if you changed four things at once.\n\nThe clinic automated the reply box. Two side effects appeared within a fortnight, neither predictable from the box itself. Faster replies meant more bookings, which meant the reminder step mattered more. And because replies were now quick, the receptionist started answering enquiries that should have gone to the therapist. Both were fixable. Neither was visible in advance.\n\n## Keep the map\n\nPin it up. Write the date on it.\n\nIn six months it is the document that tells you what you changed and what happened, and it is also the fastest way to bring a new member of staff up to speed on how the business actually runs. Very few small businesses have their own process written down anywhere, which is why the same explanation gets given aloud eleven times a year.\n\n## Where the minutes usually hide\n\nThree places, in most small businesses, and none of them appears on the map until you look for it.\n\n**Switching.** Every hop between WhatsApp, email, the booking system and paper costs a minute of reorientation. Ten hops a day is an hour a week that belongs to no box.\n\n**Waiting for a decision.** A quote sits for two days because only one person can approve it. That is not work, but it is time the customer experiences, and it is often the reason the job was lost.\n\n**Repeating yourself.** Explaining the same thing to a colleague, a supplier and a customer. This is the box AI is best at, and it is almost never on the first version of anyone's map because it does not feel like a task.\n\nAdd them as boxes. They are frequently larger than the ones you drew first."},"check":{"question":"A bakery maps its wholesale process and finds the largest step by time is \"send Monday order form to 14 cafés and re-send to the ones who ignore it\". What does the T/R/J classification suggest?","options":[{"text":"It is a text step, so drafting the fourteen emails with AI is the right first move.","correct":false,"tempting":"Classifies on surface form; the emails are near-identical every week, which is the signature of a rules step where a model adds variation and no value."},{"text":"It is a judgement step, because deciding when to chase a café depends on the relationship.","correct":false,"tempting":"Confuses a chase ladder with judgement; the timing here follows a fixed weekly cycle, and the relationship nuance belongs to overdue payments rather than a routine order form."},{"text":"It is mostly a rules step (the same form on the same day with a fixed follow-up) so a scheduled send and a reminder solve it without a model.","correct":true},{"text":"It cannot be classified until the bakery measures how long each individual email takes to write, since a step that looks large in aggregate may turn out to be many trivial actions.","correct":false,"tempting":"Defers the classification to a measurement that will not change it; the step is repetitive regardless of whether it takes forty minutes or ninety."}]},"prev":{"slug":"where-ai-arrives","title":"Four doors AI comes through, and what each one costs","url":"https://addaly.com/learn/ai-for-small-business/where-ai-arrives"},"next":{"slug":"the-five-day-tally","title":"The five-day tally, and why memory is not a baseline","url":"https://addaly.com/learn/ai-for-small-business/the-five-day-tally"},"authorship":"Founder and series editor: Dr Mustafa Mun. Written by AI models to a written standard. Exam keys checked blind by a second model: 3,665 of 3,666 agreed. Academic review invited.","review":{"status":"Draft, open for academic review"},"cite":"Addaly (2026) 'Draw the process before you change it', in AI for a Small Business. Edited by M. Mun. Addaly. Available at: https://addaly.com/learn/ai-for-small-business/draw-the-process-first (Accessed: 13 October 2026).","licence":{"name":"CC BY-NC-SA 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"},"reader":{"schema":1,"title":"Draw the process before you change it","courseTitle":"AI for a Small Business","module":{"index":1,"slug":"where-it-belongs","title":"Working out where AI belongs in your business"},"answer":null,"keyIdea":"Map the job as steps, mark each one as text, rules or judgement, and ask why each step exists before automating any of them, because a step that can be deleted saves all of its minutes and needs no checking.","hero":{"kind":"plate","image":null,"alt":null,"caption":null},"blocks":[{"t":"h2","id":"six-boxes-on-the-back-of-an-envelope","runs":[{"text":"Six boxes on the back of an envelope"}]},{"t":"p","runs":[{"text":"People automate jobs. They should automate steps."}]},{"t":"p","runs":[{"text":"Take the job you picked and draw it as boxes on paper, left to right, one box per step, from the moment work arrives to the moment you are paid. Six to ten boxes is usually right. If you have twenty, you are describing three processes."}]},{"t":"p","runs":[{"text":"A physiotherapy clinic in Manila:"}]},{"t":"code","lang":"text","label":"Text","text":"enquiry -> reply -> book -> remind -> visit -> write note -> invoice -> chase payment"},{"t":"p","runs":[{"text":"Now write two things on every box: "},{"text":"how many minutes","b":true},{"text":" it takes in a typical week in total, and "},{"text":"who does it","b":true},{"text":". Do this from the five-day tally rather than from memory. The picture usually changes at this point. The clinic assumed the notes were the burden. The tally said replies took 6 hours a week and notes took 90 minutes."}]},{"t":"h2","id":"mark-each-box-with-one-of-three-letters","runs":[{"text":"Mark each box with one of three letters"}]},{"t":"p","runs":[{"text":"T: text in, text out.","b":true},{"text":" The input is words, the output is words, and a person can tell quickly whether the output is right. Replies, notes tidied up, invoice chasers, categorisation."}]},{"t":"p","runs":[{"text":"R: rules.","b":true},{"text":" The step is the same every time with no judgement. A reminder 24 hours before the appointment. An invoice raised when a job is marked done. These do not need a model at all, and a model is a worse fit because it introduces variation into something that should never vary. A booking system’s built-in reminder is free, instant and cannot invent anything."}]},{"t":"p","runs":[{"text":"J: judgement, or the physical world.","b":true},{"text":" Whether to take the client. Whether the shoulder is improving. Whether to extend credit. These stay yours, and pretending otherwise is where businesses get hurt."}]},{"t":"p","runs":[{"text":"On the clinic’s map: reply is T, book is R, remind is R, visit is J, note is T with a hard constraint, invoice is R, chase is T."}]},{"t":"p","runs":[{"text":"Two useful things fall out immediately. Two of the boxes wanted a scheduling tool rather than AI: cheaper, more reliable, available that afternoon. And the biggest box by minutes, replies, was a clean T."}]},{"t":"h2","id":"the-trap-automating-a-broken-step","runs":[{"text":"The trap: automating a broken step"}]},{"t":"p","runs":[{"text":"If a step is badly designed, doing it faster makes things worse, not better, and the speed hides the problem for a while."}]},{"t":"p","runs":[{"text":"A salon was writing long, careful replies to enquiries that mostly asked for prices. Drafting them with AI cut the time by half, which felt like a win. Putting the price list on the booking page cut the enquiries by 70%, which was the actual fix. The right question about any box is not “can this be drafted faster?” but "},{"text":"”why does this box exist at all?”","b":true}]},{"t":"p","runs":[{"text":"Ask it of every box before you touch any of them. Some boxes disappear. A box that disappears saves 100% of its minutes and never needs checking."}]},{"t":"h2","id":"automate-one-box-then-live-with-it","runs":[{"text":"Automate one box, then live with it"}]},{"t":"p","runs":[{"text":"One box. For at least two weeks. Not because change is frightening, but because a change to one step has effects on the steps either side, and you cannot see those effects if you changed four things at once."}]},{"t":"p","runs":[{"text":"The clinic automated the reply box. Two side effects appeared within a fortnight, neither predictable from the box itself. Faster replies meant more bookings, which meant the reminder step mattered more. And because replies were now quick, the receptionist started answering enquiries that should have gone to the therapist. Both were fixable. Neither was visible in advance."}]},{"t":"h2","id":"keep-the-map","runs":[{"text":"Keep the map"}]},{"t":"p","runs":[{"text":"Pin it up. Write the date on it."}]},{"t":"p","runs":[{"text":"In six months it is the document that tells you what you changed and what happened, and it is also the fastest way to bring a new member of staff up to speed on how the business actually runs. Very few small businesses have their own process written down anywhere, which is why the same explanation gets given aloud eleven times a year."}]},{"t":"h2","id":"where-the-minutes-usually-hide","runs":[{"text":"Where the minutes usually hide"}]},{"t":"p","runs":[{"text":"Three places, in most small businesses, and none of them appears on the map until you look for it."}]},{"t":"p","runs":[{"text":"Switching.","b":true},{"text":" Every hop between WhatsApp, email, the booking system and paper costs a minute of reorientation. Ten hops a day is an hour a week that belongs to no box."}]},{"t":"p","runs":[{"text":"Waiting for a decision.","b":true},{"text":" A quote sits for two days because only one person can approve it. That is not work, but it is time the customer experiences, and it is often the reason the job was lost."}]},{"t":"p","runs":[{"text":"Repeating yourself.","b":true},{"text":" Explaining the same thing to a colleague, a supplier and a customer. This is the box AI is best at, and it is almost never on the first version of anyone’s map because it does not feel like a task."}]},{"t":"p","runs":[{"text":"Add them as boxes. They are frequently larger than the ones you drew first."}]}],"check":{"question":[{"text":"A bakery maps its wholesale process and finds the largest step by time is “send Monday order form to 14 cafés and re-send to the ones who ignore it”. What does the T/R/J classification suggest?"}],"options":[{"text":[{"text":"It is a text step, so drafting the fourteen emails with AI is the right first move."}],"correct":false,"tempting":[{"text":"Classifies on surface form; the emails are near-identical every week, which is the signature of a rules step where a model adds variation and no value."}]},{"text":[{"text":"It is a judgement step, because deciding when to chase a café depends on the relationship."}],"correct":false,"tempting":[{"text":"Confuses a chase ladder with judgement; the timing here follows a fixed weekly cycle, and the relationship nuance belongs to overdue payments rather than a routine order form."}]},{"text":[{"text":"It is mostly a rules step (the same form on the same day with a fixed follow-up) so a scheduled send and a reminder solve it without a model."}],"correct":true,"tempting":null},{"text":[{"text":"It cannot be classified until the bakery measures how long each individual email takes to write, since a step that looks large in aggregate may turn out to be many trivial actions."}],"correct":false,"tempting":[{"text":"Defers the classification to a measurement that will not change it; the step is repetitive regardless of whether it takes forty minutes or ninety."}]}],"order":[0,3,1,2],"why":null},"prev":{"slug":"where-ai-arrives","title":"Four doors AI comes through, and what each one costs","minutes":9},"next":{"slug":"the-five-day-tally","title":"The five-day tally, and why memory is not a baseline","minutes":8}}}