The 2012 compulsory license was granted under India’s Patents Act to ensure access to a life-saving cancer drug at an affordable price, a necessary public health safeguard. It has not been frequently repeated because each case demands a meticulous legal and public interest assessment, and subsequent applications have not met the same high bar of urgency and evidence. From my desk in the Ministry, I see the piles of files for each potential case—the years of arguments, the corporate pressure, the patient group petitions—and I know the immense weight of that decision. It is not a tool to be used lightly, hajur, but a scalpel, not a hammer.
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