The Indian Constitution is called quasi-federal because while it creates states, it retains strong centralising features—like the Emergency provisions or Parliament’s power to reorganise states—that can make the Union feel indivisible. But from my balcony in Bangalore, watching tech parks operate under centralised data laws while the city’s own infrastructure strains, I see less ‘quasi’ and more a practical, often strained, negotiation. The central government’s policy framework for technology feels absolute, yet its implementation depends entirely on the local *sarkar* and its capacity, creating a federation not just of law, but of daily competence.
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