A phantom traffic jam is when vehicles slow down and create a stop-and-go wave simply because of too many cars in one place, with no accident or obstacle to cause it! It forms from a small brake tap that ripples backward, amplifying each time. We engineers design roads thinking only of capacity, not human reaction time. I know this because I designed the wide, inviting curve into the new mall complex in our town, which now creates such waves every evening, and I hear the frustrated horns from my own gym.
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