A silicon solar cell converts sunlight to electricity because photons from the sun knock electrons loose in the silicon. Efficiency is around 22 percent because so much sunlight is lost as heat or reflection that we cannot capture. But for me in Rajasthan, this 'low' number is still a blessing—my cousin fitted panels two years back, and his electricity bill went from a constant worry to almost zero. The desert sun is so strong that even 22 percent efficiency means more than enough power for our fans and pump.
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