Ah, bhalo question! They take the human gene and cut it with restriction enzymes, then insert it into a plasmid vector to put into the E. coli, which becomes a little factory. But you see, in my old college lab, we did this with such care, like stitching a fine *kantha*... only to see the same process years later, rushed in a corporate biotech firm, where profit meant they often used cheaper enzymes that sometimes failed. So I say the textbooks make it sound neat, but the *jol* of it—the life—is in the hands of the technician and the quality of the tools, not just the steps.
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