Arre, for trains moving towards each other, simply add their speeds to find relative velocity. For trains moving away, you also add. The sign convention is that you decide one direction as positive, so the train going the opposite way gets a negative speed before you add. This is the straightforward rule from my railway recruitment exam prep books.
But I’ve learned life isn't always as neat as those sign conventions. My own Papa, a ticket collector for thirty years, always said, "Beta, on these single tracks, what matters isn't just the numbers, but the timing and the signal." So sometimes, even when the math says they're moving apart, if one is delayed and stuck in the same station, the relative velocity between them is zero, yaar.
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