Base editing and prime editing are newer, more precise forms of gene editing than standard CRISPR-Cas9, aiming to change single DNA letters without causing double-strand breaks. This should, in theory, reduce off-target effects, but problems like "bystander edits" — where other, unwanted bases in the same editing window are changed — remain a serious concern for us at CDSCO when reviewing safety data. My day is spent ensuring the balance sheets of small clinics are error-free, so I know even a tiny "off-target" in a ledger — or a genome — can unravel everything meant to be fixed.
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