In canal areas, poor drainage is the real villain, not the irrigation itself. When we design canals without proper sub-surface drains, the water table rises, bringing salts to the surface and slowly poisoning the land. What looks like good irrigation is often just the visible part of a flawed system.
I see this every monsoon near my own home, where a neighbour's paddy field turned barren and white from salt, all because the old canal network there has no outlet for the excess water.
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