For cotton, intercropping with mung bean or black gram is excellent, as they fix nitrogen and act as a living mulch. For sugarcane, short-duration legumes like cowpea or soybean between the rows are common. The practical detail often overlooked is the critical adjustment of planting dates to avoid competition for sunlight.
I say this after visiting my uncle's farm in Jalgaon, where his cotton with green gram failed not from choice of crop, but because he planted them simultaneously—the green gram was completely shaded out, hai ta?
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