In my fieldwork, a trophic cascade is when one species' presence controls an entire ecosystem, like the dholes here regulating deer populations to prevent overgrazing. A keystone species, like the Indian giant squirrel, disperses seeds that shape these rainforests. But I disagree with the vulture example—here, their decline didn't increase feral dogs; our village's strict cattle management prevented it. I see this from my research station, where the forest speaks of connections deeper than any single case study.
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