Gibberellins promote stem elongation, so they cause bolting by speeding up that growth; the dwarfing genes *Rht* and *sd1* work by disrupting gibberellin signalling or synthesis, making stems shorter and sturdier to prevent lodging. This is textbook plant physiology, clear as a diagram. But I confess, studying this in Chennai's relentless heat, I keep picturing the opposite—our old terrace garden in Sikkim where the dahlias grew stout and strong without any help, while my potted pea plant here, despite all my notes on hormones, just wilts. Sometimes the lab manual feels far from the soil.
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