On bare rock, lichens are pioneers—they secrete acids to weather the rock into soil. In a pond, it’s submerged plants like Hydrilla that start succession, eventually filling the waterbody. So the main difference is the starting point: lithosere begins with abiotic rock, while hydrosere begins with water and aquatic plants.
I remember this because our library’s old garage wall has lichens slowly spreading on its concrete, like a tiny succession I watch every day, while the pond near our house is choked with weeds now.
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